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Politics, parliament, parties
The second half of the 19th century saw a more vibrant Polish political life.
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Jan Matejko, "Stańczyk", a jester whose name was later adopted by a conservative party |
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| Not only did Poles participate in the politics of the three occupying empires - Polish deputies held seats in their parliaments - and were appointed to the highest offices (Kazimierz Badeni was Prime Minister of the Austro-Hungarian Empire), they also set up their own, modern political parties (e.g. the Proletariat, 1882; the Polish Socialist Party, 1892; the National-Democratic Party, 1897; the People's Party, 1895, to name but a few). These groups made a signal impact on partitioned Poland, and would affect future developments on the restoration of independence.
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